[25] Butler then sent a letter to the commander of Fort McHenry: I have taken possession of Baltimore. It came to be known as Camp Parole. In the presidential election of 1860 Lincoln won just 2,294 votes out of a total of 92,421, only 2.5% of the votes cast, coming in at a distant fourth place with Southern Democrat (and later Confederate general) John C. Breckinridge winning the state. During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. Some witnesses said he shouted "The South is avenged! Later in the war, the state occupied territory in the path of Confederate advances on the North, creating conditions for one of the most significant battles of the war. [15] One of the men involved in this destruction would be arrested for it in May without recourse to habeas corpus, leading to the ex parte Merryman ruling. MARYLAND AND MOUNT CLARE DURING THE CIVIL WAR (1861 – 1865) Camp Carroll: Maryland, as a border state, had strong commercial ties with both the North and the South. The destruction was accomplished the next day. In 1864, elements of the warring armies again met in Maryland, although this time the scope and size of the battle was much smaller. 2 Dr. Samuel A. Mudd House and Museum. Civil War Prison Scenes When success began to attend the union armies and detachments of confederate veterans began to arrive from the front, the federal government established a prisoners’ camp at Point Lookout, Maryland, where the Potomac River empties into the Chesapeake Bay. On Sept. 14, the two armies clashed at Fox's Gap and Turner's Gap; by the end of the day Lee's forces had withdrawn to the countryside around Sharpsburg. [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. Originally intended as a “camp of instruction,” a camp for paroled prisoners was established near Annapolis, Maryland, in the summer of 1862. [46], Maryland Exiles, including Arnold Elzey and brigadier general George H. Steuart, would organize a "Maryland Line" in the Army of Northern Virginia which eventually consisted of one infantry regiment, one infantry battalion, two cavalry battalions and four battalions of artillery. Meg Jernigan has been writing for more than 30 years. Randolph McKim, Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, New York, 1912. See more ideas about civil war, war, civil war photos. "[36] Although previous secession votes, in spring 1861, had failed by large margins,[22] there were legitimate concerns that the war-averse Assembly would further impede the federal government's use of Maryland infrastructure to wage war on the South. Monocacy was a tactical victory for the Confederate States Army but a strategic defeat, as the one-day delay inflicted on the attacking Confederates cost rebel General Jubal Early his chance to capture the Union capital of Washington, D.C.. Across the state, some 50,000 citizens signed up for the military, with most joining the United States Army. The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. [1][4] In seven counties, Lincoln received not a single vote.[2]. The Treehouse Camp at Maple Tree Campground (thetreehousecamp.com), nine miles southeast of Antietam, has wooded tent sites with picnic tables, fire rings and grills and also has screened tree houses with bunks for camping. [citation needed], The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland. Similarly, Robert Beecham, in his memoir, As If It Were Glory, Lanham, Maryland, 1998, p. 166, says of the 23rd U.S.C.T. Animosity against Lincoln would remain, and Marylander John Wilkes Booth would assassinate President Lincoln on April 14, 1865, crying "sic semper tyrannis" the Virginia state motto as he did so in Washington's Ford's Theater, then fleeing and hiding in southern Maryland for a week hunted by Federal troops before slipping across the Potomac and later shot in a Virginia barn. A brochure published by the home in the 1890s described it as: a haven of rest... to which they may retire and find refuge, and, at the same time, lose none of their self-respect, nor suffer in the estimation of those whose experience in life is more fortunate.[84]. [8] Butler fortified his position and trained his guns upon the city, threatening its destruction. [87], The legacies of the debate over Lincoln's heavy-handed actions that were meant to keep Maryland within the union, such as arresting one third of the Maryland General Assembly, but were ruled unconstitutional at the time by Maryland native U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Taney, and in the official lyrics of the still divisive Maryland state anthem, Maryland, My Maryland, which refers to Lincoln as a "despot," a "Vandal," and, the word Marylander John Wilkes Booth shouted when he assassinated Lincoln, a "tyrant. © 2020 USATODAY, a division of Gannett Satellite Information Network, Inc. Campgrounds That Are Open in Maryland Year-Round for Tent ... Campsites along the C&O Canal provide easy access to battlefields. [35] Two of the publishers selling his book were then arrested. During the American Revolution, and again in the War of 1812, it was subject to British raids. 228-259 listing more than 300 men born in Maryland. In March 1862 the Maryland Assembly passed a series of resolutions, stating that: This war is prosecuted by the Nation with but one object, that, namely, of a restoration of the Union just as it was when the rebellion broke out. While the Confederates prevailed, the Union army gained time to fortify the defenses of Washington. [47], Captain Bradley T. Johnson refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army. The Maryland legislature refused to ratify both the 14th Amendment, which conferred citizenship rights on former slaves, and the 15th Amendment, which gave the vote to African Americans. The campground has restrooms, outdoor showers and a camp store. [34] Indeed, when Lincoln's dismissal of Chief Justice Taney's ruling was criticized in a September 1861 editorial by Baltimore newspaper editor Frank Key Howard (Francis Scott Key's grandson), Howard was himself arrested by order of Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward and held without trial. I don't want to issue a document the whole world will see must be inoperative, like the Pope's Bull against a comet. Around 70,000 soldiers passed through Camp Parole until Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assumed command as General-in-Chief of the Union Army in 1864, and ended the system of prisoner exchanges.[72]. Four soldiers and twelve civilians were killed in the riot. Arrests of Confederate sympathizers and those critical of Lincoln and the war soon followed, and Steuart's brother, the militia general George H. Steuart, fled to Charlottesville, Virginia, after which much of his family's property was confiscated by the Federal Government. Because Maryland's sympathies were divided, many Marylanders would fight one another during the conflict. Not all those who sympathised with the rebels would abandon their homes and join the Confederacy. [75] This was a controversial result, given the state's Confederate ties and sympathies. [45] It was agreed that Arnold Elzey, a seasoned career officer from Maryland, would command the 1st Maryland Regiment. In July 1864 the Battle of Monocacy was fought near Frederick, Maryland as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. In July of 1864, Gen. Jubal Early marched his troops through the Shenandoah Valley in an attempt to capture Fredericksburg and eventually Washington, D.C. Union forces gathered on the banks of the Monocacy River, and on July 9, the opposing armies engaged. 69-70. Visit Point Lookout's Civil War venues where Confederate prisoner Omenhausser created drawings of prison camp … From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The first Union Army "parole camp" for exchanged Northern prisoners of war, was opened in Annapolis, Maryland in 1862. Army campaign organizations," and a number of engagements in the states of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, and Virginia are indicated beneath the map title. Harris (2011) pp. ), 1 Map of Maryland, Delaware, and parts of Pennsylvania and Virginia, showing "camps & forts" underlined in red, "prominent places" underlined in blue, roads, railroads, drainage, towns, and boundaries. 1864. Civil War winters were particularly trying and monotonous for the armies. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed. [20] On April 29, the Legislature voted decisively 53–13 against secession,[21][22] though they also voted not to reopen rail links with the North, and they requested that Lincoln remove Union troops from Maryland. Jernigan attended George Washington University, majoring in speech and drama. [41][42] May was eventually released and returned to his seat in Congress in December 1861, and in March 1862 he introduced a bill to Congress requiring the federal government to either indict by grand jury or release all other "political prisoners" still held without habeas. [85] Easton, Maryland also has a Confederate monument. [44], Although Maryland stayed as part of the Union and more Marylanders fought for the Union than for the Confederacy, Marylanders sympathetic to the secession easily crossed the Potomac River into secessionist Virginia in order to join and fight for the Confederacy. For a time it looked as if Maryland was one provocation away from joining the rebels, but Lincoln moved swiftly to defuse the situation, promising that the troops were needed purely to defend Washington, not to attack the South. The drawings highlight the concerns and experiences of prisoners of war; most scenes show prisoners playing cards, buying food, or engaging in barter with food vendors. Maryland has three chapters of the heritage group, Sons of Confederate Veterans. [14], Hearing no immediate reply from Washington, on the evening of April 19 Governor Hicks and Mayor Brown ordered the destruction of railroad bridges leading into the city from the North, preventing further incursions by Union soldiers. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. The site was abandoned by the Army after the Civil War, the land was transferred to the Navy in 1873. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland would not secede during the Civil War. [citation needed]. Circuit Court for Maryland by Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney, a Marylander from Frederick and former member of the administration of the seventh President Andrew Jackson, who had nominated him two decades earlier. [58], Among the prisoners captured by William Goldsborough was his own brother Charles Goldsborough. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. However, the abolition of slavery in Maryland did precede the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlawed slavery throughout the United States, and did not come into effect until December 6, 1865. We meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. Stuart. The broad surface of the Potomac was blue with floating bodies of our foe. Of the Trimble count, McKim states The estimate above alluded to, of 20,000 Marylanders in the Confederate service, rests apparently upon no better basis than an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, in which he said he believed that the muster rolls would show that about 20,000 men in the Confederate army had given the State of Maryland as the place of their nativity. The National Park Service limits camping to one night, and getting to some sites requires a hike along the canal. Campaign: Maryland Campaign (September 1862) Date(s): September 16-18, 1862. After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerg… ", This page was last edited on 20 February 2021, at 12:32. Jul 22, 2017 - Explore ACWS UK's board "CIVIL WAR CAMPS", followed by 398 people on Pinterest. This is the only time in United States military history that two regiments of the same numerical designation and from the same state have engaged each other in battle. Confederate casualties were 10,318 with 1,546 dead. Confederate States Army bands would later play the song after they crossed into Maryland territory during the Maryland Campaign in 1862.[13]. Maryland’s POW Camps in World War II. Most Marylanders fought for the Union, but after the war a number of memorials were erected in sympathy with the Lost Cause of the Confederacy, including in Baltimore a Confederate Women's Monument, and a Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument. Civil War prison camps were terrible places, when they saw the photographs of emaciated Andersonville prisoners who literally looked like skeletons, northerners were shocked and horrified. On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. This historical marker is listed in this topic list: War, US Civil. Maryland exile George H. Steuart, leading the 2nd Maryland Infantry regiment, is said to have jumped down from his horse, kissed his native soil and stood on his head in jubilation. Other Names: Sharpsburg. The river crossing at Edward's Ferry was protected throughout the war. Point Lookout is a Maryland state park at the southern tip of St. Mary's County, Maryland.It is a peninsula formed by the confluence of the Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac River.. Captain John Smith first explored the Point in 1612. He has been concealed for more than six months. Lights went off, black curtains blanketed windows. Campsites available on a first-come, first-served basis have chemical toilets, picnic tables and grills. The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864. [74] The new constitution emancipated the state's slaves (who had not been freed by President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation), disenfranchised southern sympathizers, and re-apportioned the General Assembly based upon white inhabitants. Hatboro, PA: Tradition Press, Whitman H. Ridgway. See, e.g., C. R. Gibbs' Black, Copper, and Bright, Silver Spring, Maryland, 2002. Although tactically inconclusive, the Battle of Antietam is considered a strategic Union victory and an important turning point of the war, because it forced the end of Lee's invasion of the North, and it allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect on January 1, 1863. Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of … The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System currently includes information about two Civil War prisons: Fort McHenry in Baltimore, Maryland, once a temporary home to more than 15,000 Confederate soldiers; and Andersonville prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia, where more than 45,000 Union soldiers were confined. Campsites along the C&O Canal provide easy access to battlefields. as white Marylanders in the Confederate army. [68] Quartermaster John Howard recalled that Steuart performed "seventeen double somersaults" all the while whistling Maryland, My Maryland. Indeed, on the whole there appear to have been twice as many black Marylanders serving in the U.S.C.T. About 23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded or went missing on Sept. 17, 1862. [77] Other witnesses — including Booth himself — claimed that he only yelled "Sic semper! [52], Overall, the Official Records of the War Department credits Maryland with 33,995 white enlistments in volunteer regiments of the United States Army and 8,718 African American enlistments in the United States Colored Troops. To honor this heritage, five unique trails span the state, each with an extensive number of sites of interest. [6] Not all blacks in Maryland were slaves. Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. "[80]:48 Others thought they heard him say "Revenge for the South!" Pick up a copy one of our Visitor Centers Explore Omenhausser's World. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. It was 1942. On the eve of the Civil War in 1860, Nathan and Ammy bought the Fort Frederick property for $7,000. It was not until 1864 that a constitutional convention was held which would address the issue of slavery in Maryland. [62] The order indicated that Lee had divided his army and dispersed portions geographically (to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and Hagerstown, Maryland), thus making each subject to isolation and defeat in detail - if McClellan could move quickly enough. 62-65. [1][32] One of those arrested was militia captain John Merryman, who was held without trial in defiance of a writ of habeas corpus on May 25, sparking the case of Ex parte Merryman, heard just 2 days later on May 27 and 28. According to one of his aides: "We loved Maryland, we felt that she was in bondage against her will, and we burned with desire to have a part in liberating her". Campgrounds at mile markers 42.5 through 110 are closest to the battlefields. Poolesville, Maryland, in Montgomery County was the location of a Civil War camp when the area was occupied by Union troops. Congressman Henry May (D-Maryland) was imprisoned without charge and without recourse to habeas corpus in Fort Lafayette. [57] After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerged victorious, despite an inferiority both of numbers and equipment. The battle of South Mountain, notable for the discovery by Union forces of Gen. Robert E. Lee's Special Order 191 detailing his army's movements, was prelude to Antietam. Howard described these events in his 1863 book Fourteen Months in American Bastiles, where he noted that he was imprisoned in Fort McHenry, the same fort where the Star Spangled Banner had been waving "o'er the land of the free" in his grandfather's song. The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland, attempting to divert Union forces away from Gen. Robert E. Lee's army under siege at Petersburg, Virginia. [43] The provisions of May's bill were included in the March 1863 Habeas Corpus Act, in which Congress finally authorized Lincoln to suspend habeas corpus, but required actual indictments for suspected traitors. In addition, it is included in the Maryland Civil War Trails series list. She specializes in travel, cooking and interior decorating. [83] A home for retired Confederate soldiers in Pikesville, Maryland opened in 1888 and did not close until 1932. [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. 3 Surratt House Museum. [2] In the leadup to the American Civil War, it became clear that the state was bitterly divided in its sympathies. See Full List. Because Maryland's sympathies were divided, many Marylanders would fight one another during the conflict. Approximately a tenth as many enlisted to "go South" and fight for the Confederacy. See discussion and tabulation on pp. All along the East Coast blackout drills were preparing citizens against Hitler’s Luftwaffe that were blitzing London. It was located at the extreme tip of St. Mary's County, on the long, low, and barren peninsula where the Potomac River joins Chesapeake Bay. Preceded by the pivotal skirmishes at three mountain passes of Crampton, Fox and Turner's Gaps to the east in the Battle of South Mountain, Antietam (also known in the South as the Battle of Sharpsburg), though tactically a draw, was strategically enough of a Union victory in the second year of the war to give 16th President Abraham Lincoln the opportunity to issue in September 1862, the Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect January 1, 1863, which declared slaves in the rebelling states of the Confederacy (but not those in the areas already occupied by the Union Army or in border slave states like Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri) to be "henceforth and forever free". For example, two Camp Bradfords existed in Maryland during the War, both presumably named after Augustus Bradford, the pro-Union Governor of Maryland. [59], On 6 September 1862 advancing Confederate soldiers entered Frederick, Maryland, the home of Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, who issued a proclamation calling upon his fellow Marylanders to join his colors. But few escaped to tell the tale.[65]. Poolesville Civil War Camps (1861 - 1865), at or near Poolesville Union garrison posts here were: Camp Bates (1861), Camp Benton (1861 - 1862), Camp Lyon (1862), Camp Stone (1861 - 1862), and Camp Heintzelman (1862 - 1863). In the early months of the camp's existence, the conditions inside Salisbury were quite good, relatively speaking.The 120 or so Union soldiers interned there were fed meager yet adequate rations, sanitation was passable, shielding from the elements was provided, and the prisoners were even allowed to play recreational games such as base… One month later in October 1861 one John Murphy asked the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia to issue a writ of habeas corpus for his son, then in the United States Army, on the grounds that he was underage. However, across the state, sympathies were mixed. After shooting the President, Booth galloped on his horse into Southern Maryland, where he was sheltered and helped by sympathetic residents and smuggled at night across the Potomac River into Virginia a week later. Impassable, muddy roads and harsh weather precluded active operations. Army camps were like a huge bustling city of white canvas, sometimes obscured by smoke from hundreds of campfires. By late summer Maryland was firmly in the hands of Union soldiers. By Ellen Moyer. Meanwhile, General Winfield Scott, who was in charge of military operations in Maryland indicated in correspondence with the head of Pennsylvania troops that the route through Baltimore would resume once sufficient troops were available to secure Baltimore.[17]. After the April 19 rioting, skirmishes continued in Baltimore for the next month. Another was the 4th United States Colored Troops, whose Sergeant Major, Christian Fleetwood was awarded the Medal of Honor for rallying the regiment and saving its colors in the successful assault on New Market Heights.[54]. And, because Maryland had remained in the Union, the state was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, which declared that all slaves within the Confederacy (but not those in border states like Maryland) would henceforth be free. The American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865 between the northern states (the Union) and the southern states (the Confederacy). After the July 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, the Union established a prisoner-of-war camp … As one Massachusetts regiment was transferred between stations on April 19, a mob of Marylanders sympathizing with the South, or objecting to the use of federal troops against the seceding states, attacked the train cars and blocked the route; some began throwing cobblestones and bricks at the troops, assaulting them with "shouts and stones". See chart and explanation, p. 550. Maryland Humanities Council (2001). The Battle of Monocacy was fought on July 9, just outside Frederick, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. There is a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". See Introduction, p. xxxiv. The right to vote was eventually extended to non-white males in the Maryland Constitution of 1867, which remains in effect today. Some of the most decisive battles of the Civil War were fought on Maryland’s soil, a state whose citizens were just as ideologically divided as the soldiers on the battlefield. Source: Confederate Military History, Vol. The disorder inspired James Ryder Randall, a Marylander living in Louisiana, to write a poem which would be put to music and, in 1939, become the state song, "Maryland, My Maryland" (it remains the official state song to this day). [55] Later in 1861, Baltimore resident W W Glenn described Steuart as a fugitive from the authorities: I was spending the evening out when a footstep approached my chair from behind and a hand was laid upon me. The 1860 Census reported the chief destinations of internal immigrants from Maryland as Ohio and Pennsylvania, followed by Virginia and the District of Columbia. A year and a half later, the single bloodiest day of combat in American military history occurred during the first major Confederate invasion of the North in the Maryland Campaign, just north above the Potomac River near Sharpsburg in Washington County, at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. The sirens whistled. In other words, as far as Marylanders were concerned, the war was being fought over Union, not over slavery. After viewing the one room that housed the general merchandise store of John Poole, Jr. in the John Poole House, visitors find a second display in the real room expansion of the log cabin. 1 The Antietam Campaign Trail Not all sites have potable water, and water spigots at other sites are turned off from Nov. 15 through April 15. [12] Panicked by the situation, several soldiers fired into the mob, whether "accidentally", "in a desultory manner", or "by the command of the officers" is unclear. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. War produced a legacy of bitter resentment in politics, with the Democrats being identified with "treason and rebellion", a point much pressed home by their opponents. Maryland, a slave state that remained loyal to the Union, is an ideal place to understand the causes, impact, and results of the America’s most violent conflict: the Civil War.
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