types of satellites pdf

endobj endobj 820 0 obj <> endobj (Adapted from SMAD.) The two most common types of orbit are Geostationary and Polar, explained further on this and also work. trailer 0000003715 00000 n << /Pages 28 0 R /Type /Catalog >> 1.5 TYPES OF SATELLITES (BASED ON ORBITS) 1.5.1) Geostationary or geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) GEO satellites are synchronous with respect to earth. Planets like Earth, Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn, Neptune and Mars orbiting around Sun and they are called Natural Satellites. MEO … << /Type /XRef /Length 96 /Filter /FlateDecode /DecodeParms << /Columns 5 /Predictor 12 >> /W [ 1 3 1 ] /Index [ 6 39 ] /Info 27 0 R /Root 8 0 R /Size 45 /Prev 101463 /ID [<419b204ff3ee4b4399bbdd9243e59bdb><419b204ff3ee4b4399bbdd9243e59bdb>] >> The communication satellite carries high throughput communication transponders in the Ka and Ku bands and its mission is to expand high-speed data transfer in the remote are… 7 0 obj The satellite network consists of two types of full duplex links. Satellite Types: - Military and civilian Earth observation satellites - Communications satellites - Navigation satellites - Weather satellites - Research satellites. There are three types of orbits in which satellites travel. Introduction to Satellite Communication is designed to meet the needs of working professionals and students. A passive satellite can be further subdivided into two types, namely Natural satellites and artificial satellites. Types of Satellite Orbits. Polar orbits are a type of low Earth orbit, as they are at low altitudes between 200 to 1000 km. %�� 0000002165 00000 n This means they are synchronised to always be in the same ‘fixed’ position relative to the Sun. << /BitsPerComponent 8 /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /Filter /FlateDecode /Height 52 /SMask 12 0 R /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 106 /Length 3314 >> 0 endstream The first edition was a response to a request by many friends and associates for a basic and clear book that provides newcomers with an accessible way to gain knowledge and become productive. different satellites, these can be broadly categorized into three types; the little LEOs operating under 1 GHz and used for low data rate communication, the big LEOs operating in the range 1 to 3 GHz and the Broadband and the broadband LEOs provide 10 0 obj x�cbd`�g`b``8 "�}�l#ɸ L*�Hޕ`�C��D��_��7@$�w)1�V��`�! 0000000589 00000 n x��W�W��&��]A��Zu�{�֊�@@Vٷ��P�EH�F��]HB ��e-�� 0000000016 00000 n 0000001899 00000 n Weather satellites are capable of seeing more than just that cloud systems including sand and dust storms, auroras, city lights, snow cover, energy flows, fires, ice mapping, effects of pollution, and ocean currents among others. Sun holds the entire solar system, it takes up the central key position and provides all the resources to the planets. ș:��pn.�}�>��Qz[�EG�E�t�^ ��[��#=��HOo1��[��#=��HOo1��[��I��۷��.��p�ep�#iNz�ݫׯFƚ�t �o��کq��A��-��K��/u�gI��v{��x�z��7�.�No��֛d�C��ɷ��X�Ql��" endobj �G�/�̴��횶��"�֟�7�q��f9�]Z�Nеtt'�h7e��O�l|�6�Ꮩ��B��6��cp6g�rQ�Xw�*ھ��Vn�Q�/^�>�c�E3v�7v! endstream endobj 821 0 obj <>/Outlines 91 0 R/Metadata 111 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/Pages 108 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/OCProperties<>/OCGs[822 0 R]>>/StructTreeRoot 113 0 R/Type/Catalog/LastModified(D:20070316202436)/PageLabels 106 0 R>> endobj 822 0 obj <. The Telstar was launched in July of 1962 and was the first satellite to send a Satellites in SSO, travelling over the polar regions, are synchronous with the Sun. Temporal (time of day/season/year) 4. Space is an important aspect of our Science and Technology. These functions will be at the heart of the mobile phone third-generation (3G) networks such as the UMTS. (Booknews, 1 February 2011) Author Bios. Reconaissance satellites - Kennan, Big Bird, Lacrosse. Instead the motion of the satellite rotating around the Earth has a force associated with it pushing it away from the Earth. Satellite orbits vary greatly, depending on the purpose of the satellite, and are classified in a number of ways. This means that the satellite always visits the same spot at the same local … Communication satellites are launched into space to help with radio, telephone, and television signals. 11 0 obj While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass.Satellites can be built small to reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction. satellite Relay satellite Relay satellite Sensor satellite Sensor satellite Crossover or Intersatellite links Mission data Launch phase TT&C TT&C Satellite Ground station TT&C Tracking, Telemetry and Control The communications architecture consists of satellites and ground stations interconnected with communications links. You can click either on the picture or on the name to learn more about that type of satellite, and its example. Satellites can operate by themselves or as part of a larger system, a satellite formation or satellite constellation. Active satellites are complicated structures having a processing equipment called Transponder which is very vital for functioning of the satellite. Selected Satellite Footprints OrbView 3 8 by 8 km 4-m multispectral 10 1-m panchromatic 10 100 10 100. ɨ��`�Y&��md`�5 s| Common types include military and civilian Earth observation satellites, communications satellites, navigation satellites, weather satellites, and research satellites. Artists’ conception of satellites on the left depicting (clockwise from top left): GOES-R (future geostationary, weather), Landsat-7 (Earth Observing), QuickSCAT (Earth Ob-serving, winds), NOAA-18 (current polar orbit, weather), GPS Block IIIA (future GPS), Sentinel Ib (future European C-Band Radar). A moon is a natural satellite of earth. %%EOF In transportation systems, the presence of . 0000003156 00000 n 10 Resolutions of Remote Sensing 1. 0000001710 00000 n LEO (Low Earth Orbit) at 500-1500 kms above earth’s surface. xref Types of satellites • Communications satellites • Weather satellites: provide meteorologists with scientific data to predict weather conditions and are equipped with advanced instruments • Earth observation satellites • Navigation satellites: Using GPS technology these satellites are able to provide x�bbJb`b``Ń3� ��ţ�1�x4>F�c�'> �p� These are: GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) at about 36,000km above the earth's surface. Satellite Communication Seminar and PPT with PDF Report: The outer space has every time enchanted people on the earth and the exchange of information through space developed as an offshoot of suggestions for the space travel. Spectral (what colors – bands) 3. Meteorological satellites also help monitor volcanic acti… stream << /Filter /FlateDecode /S 68 /Length 104 >> An object orbiting around the sun, earth or any other colossal body is known as a satellite. 7. �m�T��q��y�~�0d�cX�P��1@��j�7-�X�f��!�ف~��Y��3�S �'1p��V 8 0 obj v��K��Cߘ�A�duCh�KZȹ�Ji`��YF��0q@�P��P ��$�J�@��`QFa�.%��дA As satellites orbit the Earth they are pulled back in by the force of the gravitational field. Communication in the same layer is ‰ ˆ {"‹˚˝ satellites communicate through IOLs (Inter-Obit Links). These satellites are placed in the space in such a In most of the Satellites, they take pictures of other planets, the sun etc. Looking from a fixed point from Earth, these satellites appear to be stationary. 0000002887 00000 n In fact the antennas on board the satellite serve as an interface between the Earth stations on the ground and various satellite … SH. %PDF-1.5 6. A40�0L�tq��]�^W�P�r��4U`l�`x�2��&��ɲ@� Spatial (what area and how detailed) 2. 0000001375 00000 n 0000003760 00000 n There are three types of orbits in which satellites travel. Types of Satellites • Geosynchronous-It is placed in geosynchronous orbit. •Weather satellites (GOES, METEOSAT) •Telephone and television relay satellites Constant contact w/ground stations Limited spatial coverage –each satellite can only cover about 25-30% of the earth’s surface –coverage extends only to the mid-latitudes, no more than about 55o Jupiter has 67 natural satellites. Communications satellites - Anik E. Navigation satellites - Navstar. Radiometric (color depth) The best spatial resolution? The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on 14th November 2018 also accomplished its fifth launch for the year by launching the GSLV Mark III rocket carrying the GSAT-29communication satellite from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota. For any given orbit there is a speed for which gravity and the centrifugal force balance each other and the satellite remains in a stable orbit, neither gaining height nor loosing it. 11 1. This might require some tracking by ground equipment, but when the drift is large enough, it allows the satellites to be seen in the polar regions. 6 0 obj Satellites have been put in space for various purposes and their placement in space and orbiting shapes have been determined as per their specific requirements. The higher the orbit, the slower the satellite travels. The difference in time for signals received from four satellites is used to calculate the exact location of a GPS receiver on Earth. Some examples of natural satellites are planets, moons, and comets. stream Weather satellites, also known as meteorological satellites, are predominantly used to monitor and record the Earth's climate and weather. endobj A satellite can maintain UDLs to multiple terrestrial gateways. Communication satellites are of two types: passive satellites and active satellites. They are called high, medium, and low orbits. 7. I also mentioned and explained different types of Satellites and their use on Earth. ISRO launches EOS-01 in November 2020 from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, and its 41st communication satellite GSAT-30 on January 17, 2020, from Kourou launch base, French Guiana. Types of Satellite Systems Four different types of satellite orbits have been identified depending on the shape and diameter of each orbit: GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) at 36,000 kms above earth’s surface. endobj Navigation satellites The GPS (global positioning system) is made up of 24 satellites that orbit at an altitude of 20,000 km above the surface of the Earth. Atmospheric Studies satellites - Polar . %PDF-1.4 %�� 0000001176 00000 n BqmP�x*�@n�1BÿHړ��&��ts�fv4��ܣ��m謕?��g��7��Շ:e~��m�G ��%I��=pMg�T��"xO��I��k��XA[0[{�63&�H/�:��̟o~��ڛ�-�˨[N�V��20��С�䘜��`��Oծ)#��7�=�k�w岿#�ට�{��n�LG�w��:��Xy�uq�Na�A��]U��B�qL�r��^�ʓ ܦ�l�ɹ. E. Astronomical Satellites, Biosatellites, Communication Satellites etc. 820 14 Astronomy satellites - Hubble Space Telescope. The higher the orbit, the slower the satellite travels. stream The two most common types of orbit are Geostationary and Polar, explained further on this. In which orbit would satellites travel the fastest? Concluded with improvements, importance and down fall/ Common types include military and civilian Earth observation satellites, communications satellites, navigation satellites, weather satellites, and space telescopes. endstream endobj 832 0 obj <>/Size 820/Type/XRef>>stream startxref The satellites are a consistent source of up-to-date information about atmospheric conditions. Four different types of satellites orbits have been identified. But spherical balloon with metal coated plastic serve as artificial satellites. Antennas are another part of satellite communication subsystem. Satellite navigation systems has become integral part of all applications where mobility plays a important role (Heinrichs et al., 2005). << /Contents 13 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Parent 28 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /G0 29 0 R >> /Font << /F0 30 0 R /F1 33 0 R /F2 36 0 R /F3 39 0 R /F4 42 0 R >> /ProcSets [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /XObject << /X0 11 0 R /X1 14 0 R >> >> /Type /Page >> 1 Antennas In Satellite Communication Abstract A satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavor. x�b```b``If`a``�e`@ V da�hpQ4rRdX��A��Π��1g׭�E_wiij}��3��G��C�ӊ��g�;�u~J�$I�Pv'7G��{jl`��ڑ"�`��|-=M�J�U�N4��8��b�ޥ��@��>P�6��}W��S[^�j=]�D�@�J�`~�v��p�&me ��,�+��E'F5�Lp�Y�5�r��&�wX:4Eu�gx��!u_� Satellites orbit Earth at different heights, at different speeds and along different paths. Read to know more about the Indian satellites and download the PDF of the list of Indian satellites. << /Linearized 1 /L 101764 /H [ 855 182 ] /O 10 /E 93400 /N 3 /T 101462 >> 0000002850 00000 n Space stations and human spacecraft in orbit are also satellites. <]>> 2. Satellite orbits vary greatly, depending on the purpose of the satellite, and are classified in a number of ways. Types of satellites. :��sxc4a�%�R��.�f��i�f�r�R�Oe!�Ng��A��bV��f`.��^��S% DAB�?�g��R��مr4VisE�>�c�I7r��W��7x�?az)��mi�U��~$�� Mr��;`��F�yFN�M^TS7�� - Space stations and human spacecraft in orbit are also satellites. Launch of a Boeing Delta series rocket x�c```b``g`a`�� `6+��a-�vR༠�S�z��+y�V��Pa�b��M�@��n��a�\�Ot��S�7�-@U ˄^ artificial satellites as the name suggests are man made satellites from different countries. Space stations and human spacecraft in orbit are also satellites. Science and Technology is an important and fascinating subject to know and learn. They are called high, medium, and low orbits. 0000006454 00000 n Satellites are launched into space by rockets. Spatial (what area and how detailed) 2. In which orbit would satellites travel the fastest? 8�eiF �0 )�� Let us look at the year - wise list of Indian Satellites with their purposes and also learn about the organisation responsible for the Indian Space programmes. Remote Sensing satellites - Radarsat Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as the Moon. There are three basic kinds of orbits, depending on the satellite's position relative to Earth's surface: Geostationary orbits (also called geosynchronous or synchronous) are orbits in which the satellite is always positioned over the same spot on Earth. If they did not have any motion of their own they would fall back to Earth, burning up in the upper reaches of the atmosphere. I have also attached pictures for different types of Satellites. 6. Types of Satellite Systems. "This timely update of the 2007 edition incorporates the latest advances in satellite technology, with a new chapter on earth station design and particular focus on space-based weapons systems, satellite interference issues, and future trends in the field." 833 0 obj <>stream Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) is a particular kind of polar orbit. Satellites in the low orbit travel faster than those in the other orbits. Older satellites are often let to drift north and south while keeping in their east-west slots. 3. The ground gateway, which is covered by a LEO satellite, is connected to the LEO satellite via a UDL (User Data Link). A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under 500 kg (1,100 lb). Geosynch satellites are kept tightly in their orbits by expending fuel. The Satellites allowed to drift are said to be inclined orbits. … endstream There are two major types of categorization when it comes down to satellites, one is natural and the other is man-made. 9 0 obj Communication satellites are launched into space to help with radio, telephone, and television signals. 0000003234 00000 n